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facts about falls

ByMargaret

Facts about Falls

  • Each year, one out of three adults age 65 and older falls, according to the CDC.
  • In 2000, falls among older adults cost the U.S. healthcare system more than $19 billion, according to the CDC. That equals more than $28.2 billion in 2010 dollars.
  • According to the National Hospital Discharge Survey, more than 90% of hip fractures are caused by falling. Three-quarters of all hip fractures occur in women.

Approximately 25% of hip fracture patients will make a full recovery; 40% will require nursing home admission; 50% will be dependent upon a cane or a walker; and 20% will die within one year of the fall.

Medical Risk Factors

  • Impaired musculoskeletal function, gait abnormality and osteoporosis
  • Cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat), blood pressure fluctuation
  • Depression, Alzheimer’s disease and senility
  • Arthritis, hip weakness and imbalance
  • Neurologic conditions, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis
  • Urinary and bladder dysfunction
  • Vision or hearing loss
  • Cancer that affects the bones
  • Side effects of medications

Personal Risk Factors

  • The risk for a fall increases with age. Normal aging affects our eyesight, balance, strength, and ability to quickly react to our environments.
  • Lack of exercise leads to decreased balance, coordination, and bone and muscle strength.
  • Excessive alcohol intake and smoking decrease bone strength. Alcohol use can also cause unsteadiness and slow reaction times.
  • A poor diet and not getting enough water will deplete strength and energy, and can make it hard to move and do everyday activities.

Risk Factors in the Home

  • Many falls are the result of hazards like slippery or wet surfaces, poor lighting, inadequate footwear, and cluttered pathways in the home.
  • Most fractures are the result of a fall in the home, usually related to everyday activities such as walking on stairs, going to the bathroom, or working in the kitchen.

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